integument system essays

integument framework expositions 1. Integument - a characteristic external covering or coat, for example, the skin or a film encasing an organ 2. Protection - skin fills in as a defensive boundary from mechanical injury and entrance of hurtful synthetic substances Resistance - first line of protection against any malady life form Avoidance of Dehydration - inundated in an inner ocean deliberately directed, weaken salt, arrangement that is basic to life Upkeep of Body Temperature - by perspiring it manages the internal heat level Discharge of Wastes - sweat organs additionally discharge overabundance water and waste Gathering of Stimuli - sensors for improvements of (touch, pressure, warmth, cold, and torment) and sends message to focal sensory system Nutrient D Synthesis - when bright beams hit the skin, a cholesterol compound is changed into Vitamin D 3. Epidermis - the external most layer of the skin including dead cells of the layer corneum and the living sub-layers of cell that offer ascent to them The epidermis contains: layer, corneum. layer granvlosm, layer spinosum, and layer basale. Dermis - the thick layer of skin made out of sporadic, thick, connective tissue underneath the skin The dermis contains: channels, eccrine perspiration organ, connective tissue papilla, hair follicle, root, sebaceous organ, arrector pili muscle Subcutaneous Layer - the layer of free connective tissue and apidase tissue underneath the skin The subcutaneous layer contains: free connective tissue and limb tissue. 4. keratin - a sinewy protein that frames the essential basic part of hair and nails. It is situated between the phospholipid layers to frame the layer corneum. Any of a class of sinewy protein atoms that fill in as basic units for different living tissues. The keratins are the significant protein segments of human hair. These proteins for the most part contain huge amounts of the sulfur-containing amino acids, especially cytosine. The helical k ... <!

Memo Review Essay

The essayist realizing the crowd will help with what data to keep or evacuate, regardless of whether the reminder will be formal or casual, and word decision. Memoradum Review A casual notice, commonly, is between two partners for notice of data or to get contribution on various subjects. Andrew Accountant’s notice was a casual reminder the colleagues to get data on the stock strategies for LastIn/FirstOut (LIFO) and FirstIn/FirstOut (FIFO). The survey of Andrew’s reminder will show what data to utilize or expel and word decision, which both relies upon the writer’s information on the crowd. Repercussions can emerge when there is no information on the crowd. Consideration of Information The data of an update is significant on the grounds that it tells the crowd the purpose behind composing the notice. Notices can have data that doesn't make a difference to the message. For example, Andrew had data about Macy’s winning the experiment against the United States option to utilize LIFO. This data isn't fundamental since it doesn't matter to the organization. A notice with data over-burden can make the crowd lose their consideration, and it has the capability of telling the crowd that they have no information regarding the matter. Word Choice â€Å"The words that impart best will be those that intrigue to your specific perusers and empower them effectively to comprehend what you are attempting to say† (Flatley, Lesikar, &amp; Rentz, p. 27, 2008). Word decision is imperative to composed correspondence since it passes on the tone and character of the essayist; the crowd can't see the nonverbal correspondence, which it passes on the feeling and emotions behind verbal correspondence (Beebe &amp; Masterson, p. 144, 2006), in composed correspondence. For instance, Andrew composed expressing the likelihood that the group will suggest LIFO. The announcement passes on the choice of which stock technique to suggest is made without group conversation. The group could have disarray on group initiative and feel their sentiments don't make a difference which can hurt the gathering correspondence. Andrew ought to have begun the announcement with ‘in my opinion’ and afterward the supporting subtleties of his conclusion. Language is a unique language utilized in a gathering (language, n. d. ). The utilization of bookkeeping terms is important for Andrew’s casual notice since it is the language utilized between the group. On the off chance that the notice were to be aimed at an alternate crowd, there ought to be clarifications of the bookkeeping terms, so the crowd can comprehend, or don't utilize the terms. At the point when the crowd can't comprehend the message, they will lose consideration and feel the author was in surge and couldn't have cared less about the message. End Overall, the crowd is significant on the grounds that the crowd has an impact on the language, configuration, and data. The essayist needs to keep the crowd consideration and ensure the crowd can comprehend the notice. Composed correspondence can improve or hurt a relationship relying upon how the crowd deciphers the message. To accomplish this, editing and altering is essential to having a powerful notice. Elegantly composed notices are a decent method of correspondence and show others with â€Å"respect and agreeable human concern† (Flatley, Lesikar, &amp; Rentz, p. 76, 2008). References Beebe, S. , &amp; Masterson, J. (2006). Conveying in Small Groups: Principles and Practices (eighth ed. ). Recovered from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database. Flatley, M. E. , Lesikar, R. V. , &amp; Rentz, K. (2008). Business Communication (eleventh ed. ). Recovered from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database. language. (n. d. ). The American Heritageâ ® New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy, Third Edition. Recovered February 05, 2013, from Dictionary. com site: http://word reference. reference. com/peruse/language INTEROFFICE MEMORANDUM TO: EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT FROM:AFTDEN WHITE &amp; TEAMMATES SUBJECT:LAST IN/FIRST OUT &amp; FIRST IN/FIRST OUT DATE: FEBRUARY 5, 2013 accordingly, to the solicitation of outline stock techniques: Last In/First Out and First In/First Out. The group inquired about and examined the differentiation between the two stock strategies. The decision of Last In/First Out and First In/First Out will impact the benefit and misfortune articulations. The organization should keep utilizing Last In/First Out if the expenses continue as before, yet we should move to First In/First Out if the costs increment, true to form. The subject of whether the company’s Cost of Goods Sold and inventories cost will increment or lessening with the utilization of the two stock techniques. To our discoveries, the First In/First Out will diminish the estimation of the Cost of Goods Sold and have an expansion estimation of stock. The Last In/First Out will diminish the estimation of Cost of Goods Sold and decline the estimation of stock. To improve the company’s income and overall revenue, the Last In/First Out strategy is ideal. With Last In/First Out, we can keep on diminishing government and state corporate annual duties. The decrease of corporate annual duties has leaded the organization to more readily income and overall revenue. We prescribe proceeding to utilize the Last In/First Out as a result of the upgrades it will have on incomes and net revenue. If you don't mind see the diagram as accommodating in settling on the choice of which stock strategy to apply to the organization. .

A Day in the Life [Biochemistry]

A Day in the Life [Biochemistry] [by Kathy 09] Hi guys! Im here to talk about life as a biochemist, at MIT and Cambridge. I think the best way to illustrate the difference is to give you a portrayal of what a typical day is like in both places: TYPICAL DAY AT MIT (SPRING 2007) 9am 10am Hit the snooze button 5 times. Hit the snooze button one more time after deciding to skip breakfast for those 10 extra precious minutes of sleep. Get ready for class in record time. Still arrive late (had to grab some coffee). 10am 11am First lecture is thermo kinetics (5.60). Thiss actually a really interesting class (the lecturers are especially good Spring semester). Manage to stay awake because of content. 11am noon Next is biochem II (5.08). Its co-taught by the amazing Prof. Stubbe (who, in addition to being a brilliant scientist and an engaging lecturer, sprays dozing students with water from a squirt bottle, and has a dog named McEnzyme) and the amazing Prof. Ting (who is very hardcore, and also my previous UROP advisor). Noon 1pm Decide to skip molecular bio (7.28) recitation. Tempted by the prospect of lunch, but also decide to skip lunch to go to UROP (such dedication). Set up some experiments, let the ones that need to run for awhile incubate while I go off to my next class (multi-tasking and finding things to do during the long waits experiments inevitably require are the keys to having time for a UROP). 1pm 2:30pm Off to cellular neurobio (7.29). Hunger and tiredness finally catch up with me. Nap, embarrassingly, because the class is quite small (and my mouth is usually hanging open). 2:30pm 3pm Finally some free timeits one of those annoying/convenient half-hour blocks. Annoying if you live far from campus, convenient if youve got a UROP! Run back to lab to check on that experiment from earlier. Grab some food from the Bio-Cafe before they close or from the food trucks before they drive off. 3pm 6pm Take food to next class, a 3 hour graduate seminar about RNA (7.77). Co-taught by Profs. Tom RajBhandary (a living, walking encyclopedia) and Dave Bartel (my current UROP advisor, whose lab I would definitely do my PhD in, if I were to come to MIT for grad school). Happy because I finally get to eat, and because its my favorite class. Its always sad to emerge from class to find that the suns already set, though. 6pm about 10pm Finish up things for the day at lab. On good days: get out by 8pm, on bad days: stay past midnight. Whenever lab ends midnight Head back to dorm. Eat dinner and shower (personal hygiene is really important! especially for whoever happens to sit behind you in lecture). Hang out/do some work with friends. Midnight 2am Work closing shift at front desk of dorm. People hardly come by during this time, so get to get some work done. Desk is such a great jobbasically getting paid to do homework! 2am about 4am Stay up to finish p-sets/essays/projects, if due next day. Sometimes stay up to grade p-sets for intro bio and intro physics (grading = another great way to make money). Its best to work in someone elses room, then you can keep each other company, keep each other awake, and commiserate (ah, what a common form of MIT bonding). Whenever work ends Yes! Can still sleep for X hours (+ extra 10 minutes if I skip breakfast tomorrow morning)! Now compare this to: TYPICAL DAY AT CAMBRIDGE (MICHAELMAS 2007) 8am 9am Spring awake and out of bed before the alarm goes off. Getting enough sleep makes for a happy morning. Get ready leisurely, eat breakfast while catching up on email/blogs/news. 9am 10am First lecture. Topic and lecturer changes every two days. If interesting_topic good_lecturer, then pay_attention(); else gossip_and_doodle(on_printout); (Okay, so Im not Course 6, but you get the picture). 10am 10:30am Tea break. Enjoy refreshing cuppa with other Biochemists in department tea room. Sometimes indulge in a buttered scone. 10:30am 11:30am Second lecture. Also the last lecture for the day! I know, amazing. 11:30am 12:30pm Grab lunch with friends. Usually at Pembroke Cafe (closest to the biochem dept, very tasty, and cheap). 12:30pm about 3pm Head over to lab. Usually stay anywhere between half hour to 4 hours at the longest. This is much less time than I was spending at UROP at MIT. Thiss because research in Cambridge feels a lot more relaxed, and also because I consciously made the decision to take it easy at lab this year. 3pm onwards Complete freedom for the rest of the day! Theoretically, and ideally, this should include studying, but we get assigned absolutely no work, so studying usually doesnt happen (I know, Im such a dedicated student). Also, if it happens to be Friday, and my bank balance isnt zero, and I feel particularly energetic, a weekend trip (e.g. to Stonehenge, London, France, Belgium, Germany, etc.) is probably in the works. The schedules pretty much speak for themselves. Theres a lot more freedom at Cambridge, and time feels like it passes slower. Nevertheless, I will add: Despite being much busier at MIT, I personally preferred the hustle and bustle of MIT to the idyllic peace at Cambridge. At MIT, there was more of a sense of personal accomplishment. I challenged my mind, I tried to contribute to scientific findings, I was ambitious, and I enjoyed the precious moments of free time I had. At Cambridge, I relaxed, slowed down, and enjoyed life. I floated down the River Cam in a punt on a sunny day, drinking Pimms and eating strawberries. Both lives are really nice, and I know the Cambridge life sounds way better. Honestly, the choice between staying up till 4am with a p-set and eating strawberries on the river seems pretty clear, right? Surprisingly, this year abroad has taught me that Im one of those annoying people who have to be busy to be happy. I feel happy knowing that Im working towards my goals through hard work, and I savour my free time. At Cambridge, I have so many swaths of free time that I didnt propery appreciate them. Outside the happy i ndulgent moments, I became bored, fell into a comas by ODing on YouTube, and then got unmotivated from the slow pace. Nevertheless, Cambridge is a wonderfully refreshing break from the hectic MIT. I mostly enjoyed my year here, but Ill be happy to be back, too.

Pride and Prejudice, Parenting - 1478 Words

ALTERNATIVE ONE – THE ESSAY QUESTION â€Å"I’d blame it all on the parents† The novel Pride and Prejudice involves many topics and symbolizes different aspects of life and behavior of people. In this essay I am going to analyze and discuss the theme of parenthood. I will only comment on the characters that are parents or come over as parents, namely, Mr. Bennet, Mrs. Bennet, Mr. Gardiner, Mrs. Gardiner and Lady Catherine De Bourgh. The last character mentioned may not come over as a parent but she acts like one. To begin with, I will start talking about the Bennet family. If we look at the Bennets with modern eyes, we could say that their behavior towards their daughters is very different from how parents get along with their children†¦show more content†¦Mrs. Bennet continues to behave in this way during whole the novel. At no point, the reader can see affection from Mrs. Bennet towards her daughters. Certainly, we can see no motherly behavior; she never gets involved with the daily chores of the house or with the personal hygiene of her daughters. Something that mothers nowadays do a lot, getting involved with her children’s life. Mr. and Mrs. Gardiner are very different from Mr. and Mrs. Bennet. The Gardiners do care about the feeling of their children. In this case they get along very well with Jane and Elizabeth and help them with the struggle they have with Bingley and Darcy. We can see that Mrs. Gardiner cares for her nieces because she does things to protect the girls, so as to prevent them to do certain things they might regret in the future. She protects them as a mother should do, she gives them advice, and she listens to the girls. Mrs. Gardiner is the opposite of Mrs. Bennet. The former involves more in the lives of the girls and guides them through it while the latter just wants that her daughters to marry some rich man in order not to lose their possessions they have at Longbourn. In the next extract the readers can see what kind of a woman Mrs. Gardiner is: [†¦] Her aunt assured her that she was; and Elizabeth having thanked her for the kindness of her hinds, they parted; a wonderful instance of advice being given on such a point, without being resented. [†¦] (Austen, Volume II, Chapter III, page 143)Show MoreRelated Essay on Mr. and Mrs. Bennets Parenting in Pride and Prejudice1473 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis of Mr. and Mrs. Bennets Parenting in Pride and Prejudice  Ã‚   The roles of Mr. and Mrs. Bennet in Jane Austen’s novel Pride and Prejudice are contrasted between a father who cares about what’s inside of people and a mother who only worries about vanity and appearance. Mr. and Mrs. Bennet’s parental guidance is unique to their personalities. Because of their two opposing personas, Mr. and Mrs. Bennet’s ideas of marriage are contradictory for their daughters; Mr. Bennet believes in aRead MorePrejudice and Pride Illustrated in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein1485 Words   |  6 Pagesin this novel, but pride and prejudice are deeply woven into the thematic core of Mary Shelley’s â€Å"Frankenstein: The Modern Prometheus† (Austen). This tormented narrative explores the destructive powers of these two isolating traits. Pride, an unreasonable and inordinate self-esteem and ego, and prejudice, a lack of empathy and negative bias against an individual, both prevent the human characters in â€Å"Frankenstein† from exercising objectivity and openness towards the monster. Pride by the monster’sRead MorePrejudice Leads to Negative Behavior of Bullying and Aggression557 Words   |  3 PagesPrejudice is a topic of interest to social psychologists and society as a whole. Prejudice can be defined as ‘an attitude that predisposes a person to think, feel, perceive and act in a favourable or unfavourable way towards a group or its individual members’ (Secord and Backman, 1974, p). Prejudice is often the cause of negative behaviour such as bullying and aggression. Discrimination such as; racism, ageism, sexism, nationalism, classism may occur as a result. Jane Elliot’s study: A Class DividedRead MorePride And Prejudice By Jane Austen965 Words   |  4 Pagesthe early nineteenth century, Pride and Prejudice, by Jane Austen, has become a critically acclaimed novel that is most noted for including a variety of characters, each with differing personalities and roles thr oughout the story. One character in particular, Mrs. Bennet, plays an important role that is often overlooked. Her behavior and lack of propriety reflects negatively on her character and her overbearing nature can call into question the capability of her parenting skills. Mrs. Bennet lacks theRead MorePride And Prejudice : A Comedy Of Characters1387 Words   |  6 PagesPride and Prejudice: A Comedy of Characters In Jane Austen s novel Pride and Prejudice, a subtle layer of comedy exists that is especially noticeable when very different characters are juxtaposed. This method is used to deepen characterization and make clear the intended satire. The distinct differences between characters help to bring out Austen’s subtle satire because the negative qualities of certain characters are more blatant when surrounded by opposing positive qualities in another characterRead More Homosexual Parents: The Ongoing Struggle For A Family Essay917 Words   |  4 Pagesfamily is the same. Many reasons are given to dispute gay and lesbian parenting but all founded on some of the archaic beliefs that Hitler used to kill homosexuals during W.W.II, fear and prejudice! Although having children and being parents seems like a basic human right or choice, many people believe that the government should have the authority to discriminate who can are cannot have children, regardless of their parenting skills. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Some say that it is unnaturalRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem After You, My Dear Alphonse, I Am Not Esther 1377 Words   |  6 PagesI have chosen to explore the significant theme of â€Å"Prejudice in Authority†. This theme is evident throughout the texts After You, My Dear Alphonse by Shirley Jackson, Race Relations by Jean Burgess, I Am Not Esther by Fleur Beale and Indian Education by Sherman Alexie. In the short story, â€Å"After You, My Dear Alphonse,† the theme of ‘Prejudice in Authority’ is displayed. Mrs Wilson, the eldest and most dominant character, makes stereotypical and discriminating assumptions about Boyd, an African AmericanRead MoreEvaluating Mr and Mrs Bennet as Parents Essay575 Words   |  3 Pagesjudgement of the parent raising their children in a way that they view appropriate. The same goes for the 18th century and every other century before and beyond. Parenting styles can be influenced by societys expectations and ideas of what good parenting is. This goes for Mr and Mrs Bennet in Pride and Prejudice. Their relative roles can be contrasted as a mother who is blinded by appearance, regarding wealth and status highly and a father who looks beyond appearances toRead MorePride And Prejudice By Jane Austen1463 Words   |  6 Pagesdaughter, they are more than just their counterparts, they are human beings. From a morality standpoint, Elizabeth or other women should not be married off based on the need of survival but for the need of wanting to be married for true love. Pride and Prejudice, by Jane Austen, displays feminism through the aspects of women’s dependence on men, class snobbery, and alienation. In the 1800s, women s sole purpose in life was to find a suitable husband, women had no other choice but to depend on a manRead MoreThe Era Of Discrimination By Jane Austen1555 Words   |  7 Pagesdaughter, they are more than just their counterparts, they are human beings. From a morality standpoint, Elizabeth and other women should not be married off based on the need of survival but for the need of wanting to be married for true love. Pride and Prejudice, by Jane Austen, displays feminism through the aspects of women’s dependence on men, class snobbery, and alienation. In the 1800s, women s sole purpose in life was to find a suitable husband, women had no other choice but to depend on a man

The Disapproval of Homosexuality in Religion - 1036 Words

The results of this structure, consistent religious participation, routine coverage of religious writing, and frequent collaboration with religious groups can possibly boost anti-homosexual attitudes; furthermore, when religious preachers speak of the â€Å"word† of God to the masses, followers are less likely to question the â€Å"why† it is wrong to be gay, but instead follow a belief that has a negative perception on the LGBT community, for it is God’s word. Also, it leaves little room for anyone to question the validity; of the ideology that homosexuality is unconventional because the religion itself and the people participating in it consider it is true without a doubt for the reason that it is God’s word. It is somewhat similar to a black sheep stuck in the middle of a crowed white sheep horde, which must continue moving on with the group, for that is what all the other sheep’s are doing. The religious’ judgment on gay sexuality affe cts the people contributing to the principle, but also those of non-religious backgrounds, for there is an unintended recollection that same-sex attraction is incorrect since he/she has heard that religion has stated it is sinful. â€Å"Research on religious contexts has suggested that even people who are not personally religious may be influenced by the religious culture in which they live† (Adamczyk 340). If the religious context is more disapproving of homosexuality in a country, then anti-homosexual sentiment may be displayed and voiced throughShow MoreRelatedLgbt Views On Lgbt Rights Movement Essay1598 Words   |  7 Pagescountries (i.e. religion, culture, social climate) have greatly hindered the progression of the LGBT Rights Movement in Africa; the Motherland of Humanity. Throughout African history, many have attempted to justify the discrimination and brutality against LGBT individuals through false assumptions and accusations, research on mental illness, and claims of condemnation from a biblical standpoint (God Loves Uganda). African countries in present-day frequently claim that homosexuality was brought uponRead MoreGeorge Chauncey s Gay New York Essay1512 Words   |  7 Pagesare two reasons the dominant culture misinterprets and make assumptions about the homosexual community; these two reasons consist of religious beliefs and social stigma of the dominant culture towards the subculture. In various religions across the world, homosexuality has been denounced clearly through script. In the Islamic Holy Book, the Koran, it states that men having sex with each other should be punished, but it does not say how. 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Homosexuality connection can be the result of mental distress, genes and hormone, and lastly the environment where the person is developed. I chose to write about homosexuality and seek to answer the deviantRead MoreA Biblical Look At Marriage Essay1323 Words   |  6 PagesWhere else should one turn? If one considers the vast majority of world religions, not one defines marriage or the rights of a woman in a more comprehensive, compassionate, or time honored manner. Ancient Near Eastern religions allow for divorce, but not for the well-being or economic status of the wife. Only the Old Testament allowed for her re-marriage or return to her family (Deuteronomy 24. 1-4). Most world religions treat the woman as a slave to the husband in the marriage relationship; inRead MoreReligion And The Civil Rights Movement954 Words   |  4 Pagesobtain gay and civil rights has been directly influenced by religion, either in a positive or negative way. 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To put this in a more familiar context, there are as many gays and lesbians in America today as there are unemployed citizens. There are a few

Foundation and Empire 1. Search For Magicians Free Essays

string(41) " beat out of it these three generations\." BEL RIOSE†¦ In his relatively short career, Riose earned the title of â€Å"The Last of the Imperials† and earned it well. A study of his campaigns reveals him to be the equal of Peurifoy in strategic ability and his superior perhaps in his ability to handle men. That he was born in the days of the decline of Empire made it all but impossible for him to equal Peurifoy’s record as a conqueror. We will write a custom essay sample on Foundation and Empire 1. Search For Magicians or any similar topic only for you Order Now Yet he had his chance when, the first of the Empire’s generals to do so, he faced the Foundation squarely†¦ Encyclopedia Galactica *All quotations from the Encyclopedia Galactica here reproduced are taken from the 116th Edition published in 1020 F.E. by the Encyclopedia Galactica Publishing Co., Terminus, with permission of the publishers. Bel Riose traveled without escort, which is not what court etiquette prescribes for the head of a fleet stationed in a yet-sullen stellar system on the Marches of the Galactic Empire. But Bel Riose was young and energetic – energetic enough to be sent as near the end of the universe as possible by an unemotional and calculating court – and curious besides. Strange and improbable tales fancifully-repeated by hundreds and murkily-known to thousands intrigued the last faculty; the possibility of a military venture engaged the other two. The combination was overpowering. He was out of the dowdy ground-car he had appropriated and at the door of the fading mansion that was his destination. He waited. The photonic eye that spanned the doorway was alive, but when the door opened it was by hand. Bel Riose smiled at the old man. â€Å"I am Riose-â€Å" â€Å"I recognize you.† The old man remained stiffly and unsurprised in his place. â€Å"Your business?† Riose withdrew a step in a gesture of submission. â€Å"One of peace. If you are Ducem Barr, I ask the favor of conversation.† Ducem Barr stepped aside and in the interior of the house the walls glowed into life, The general entered into daylight. He touched the wall of the study, then stared at his fingertips. â€Å"You have this on Siwenna?† Barr smiled thinly. â€Å"Not elsewhere, I believe. I keep this in repair myself as well as I can. I must apologize for your wait at the door. The automatic device registers the presence of a visitor but will no longer open the door.† â€Å"Your repairs fall short?† The general’s voice was faintly mocking. â€Å"Parts are no longer available. If you will sit, sir. You drink tea?† â€Å"On Siwenna? My good sir, it is socially impossible not to drink it here.† The old patrician retreated noiselessly with a slow bow that was part of the ceremonious legacy left by the aristocracy of the last century’s better days. Riose looked after his host’s departing figure, and his studied urbanity grew a bit uncertain at the edges. His education had been purely military; his experience likewise. He had, as the cliche‚ has it, faced death many times; but always death of a very familiar and tangible nature, Consequently, there is no inconsistency in the fact that the idolized lion of the Twentieth Fleet felt chilled in the suddenly musty atmosphere of an ancient room. The general recognized the small black-ivroid boxes that lined the shelves to be books. Their titles were unfamiliar. He guessed that the large structure at one end of the room was the receiver that transmuted the books into sight-and-sound on demand. He had never seen one in operation; but he had heard of them. Once he had been told that long before, during the golden ages when the Empire had been co-extensive with the entire Galaxy, nine houses out of every ten had such receivers – and such rows of books. But there were borders to watch now; books were for old men. And half the stories told about the old days were mythical anyway. More than half. The tea arrived, and Riose seated himself. Ducem Barr lifted his cup. â€Å"To your honor.† â€Å"Thank you. To yours.† Ducem Barr said deliberately, â€Å"You are said to be young. Thirty-five?† â€Å"Near enough. Thirty-four.† â€Å"In that case,† said Barr, with soft emphasis, â€Å"I could not begin better than by informing you regretfully that I am not in the possession of love charms, potions, or philtres. Nor am I in the least capable of influencing the favors of any young lady as may appeal to you.† â€Å"I have no need of artificial aids in that respect, sir.† The complacency undeniably present in the general’s voice was stirred with amusement. â€Å"Do you receive many requests for such commodities?† â€Å"Enough. Unfortunately, an uninformed public tends to confuse scholarship with magicianry, and love life seems to be that factor which requires the largest quantity of magical tinkering.† â€Å"And so would seem most natural. But I differ. I connect scholarship with nothing but the means of answering difficult questions.† The Siwennian considered somberly, â€Å"You may be as wrong as they!† â€Å"That may turn out or not.† The young general set down his cup in its flaring sheath and it refilled. He dropped the offered flavor-capsule into it with a small splash. â€Å"Tell me then, patrician, who are the magicians? The real ones.† Barr seemed startled at a title long-unused. He said, â€Å"There are no magicians.† â€Å"But people speak of them. Siwenna crawls with the tales of them. There are cults being built about them. There is some strange connection between it and those groups among your countrymen who dream and drivel of ancient days and what they call liberty and autonomy. Eventually the matter might become a danger to the State.† The old man shook his head. â€Å"Why ask me? Do you smell rebellion, with myself at the head?† Riose shrugged, â€Å"Never. Never. Oh, it is not a thought completely ridiculous. Your father was an exile in his day; you yourself a patriot and a chauvinist in yours. It is indelicate in me as a guest to mention it, but my business here requires it. And yet a conspiracy now? I doubt it. Siwenna has had the spirit beat out of it these three generations. You read "Foundation and Empire 1. Search For Magicians" in category "Essay examples"† The old man replied with difficulty, â€Å"I shall be as indelicate a host as you a guest. I shall remind you that once a viceroy thought as you did of the spiritless Siwennians. By the orders of that viceroy my father became a fugitive pauper, my brothers martyrs, and my sister a suicide. Yet that viceroy died a death sufficiently horrible at the hands of these same slavish Siwennians.† â€Å"Ah, yes, and there you touch nearly on something I could wish to say. For three years the mysterious death of that viceroy has been no mystery to me. There was a young soldier of his personal guard whose actions were of interest. You were that soldier, but there is no need of details, I think.† Barr was quiet. â€Å"None. What do you propose?† â€Å"That you answer my questions.† â€Å"Not under threats. I am old enough for life not to mean particularly overmuch.† â€Å"My good sir, these are hard times,† said Riose, with meaning, â€Å"and you have children and friends. You have a country for which you have mouthed phrases of love and folly in the past. Come, if I should decide to use force, my aim would not be so poor as to strike you.† Barr said coldly, â€Å"What do you want?† Riose held the empty cup as he spoke. â€Å"Patrician, listen to me. These are days when the most successful soldiers are those whose function is to lead the dress parades that wind through the imperial palace grounds on feast days and to escort the sparkling pleasure ships that carry His Imperial Splendor to the summer planets. I†¦ I am a failure. I am a failure at thirty-four, and I shall stay a failure. Because, you see, I like to fight. â€Å"That’s why they sent me here. I’m too troublesome at court. I don’t fit in with the etiquette. I offend the dandies and the lord admirals, but I’m too good a leader of ships and men to be disposed of shortly be being marooned in space. So Siwenna is the substitute. It’s a frontier world; a rebellious and a barren province. It is far away, far enough away to satisfy all. â€Å"And so I moulder. There are no rebellions to stamp down, and the border viceroys do not revolt lately, at least, not since His Imperial Majesty’s late father of glorious memory made an example of Mountel of Paramay.† â€Å"A strong Emperor,† muttered Barr. â€Å"Yes, and we need more of them. He is my master; remember that. These are his interests I guard.† Barr shrugged unconcernedly. â€Å"How does all this relate to the subject?† â€Å"I’ll show you in two words. The magicians I’ve mentioned come from beyond-out there beyond the frontier guards, where the stars are scattered thinly-â€Å" â€Å"‘Where the stars are scattered thinly,†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ quoted Barr, â€Å"‘And the cold of space seeps in.†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ â€Å"Is that poetry?† Riose frowned. Verse seemed frivolous at the moment. â€Å"In any case, they’re from the Periphery – from the only quarter where I am free to fight for the glory of the Emperor.† â€Å"And thus serve His Imperial Majesty’s interests and satisfy your own love of a good fight.† â€Å"Exactly. But I must know what I fight; and there you can help.† â€Å"How do you know?† Riose nibbled casually at a cakelet. â€Å"Because for three years I have traced every rumor, every myth, every breath concerning the magicians – and of all the library of information I have gathered, only two isolated facts are unanimously agreed upon, and are hence certainly true. The first is that the magicians come from the edge of the Galaxy opposite Siwenna; the second is that your father once met a magician, alive and actual, and spoke with him.† The aged Siwennian stared unblinkingly, and Riose continued, â€Å"You had better tell me what you know-â€Å" Barr said thoughtfully, â€Å"It would be interesting to tell you certain things. It would be a psychohistoric experiment of my own.† â€Å"What kind of experiment?† â€Å"Psychohistoric.† The old man had an unpleasant edge to his smile. Then, crisply, â€Å"You’d better have more tea. I’m going to make a bit of a speech.† He leaned far back into the soft cushions of his chair. The wall-lights had softened to a pink-ivory glow, which mellowed even the soldier’s hard profile. Ducem Barr began, â€Å"My own knowledge is the result of two accidents; the accidents of being born the son of my father, and of being born the native of my country. It begins over forty years ago, shortly after the great Massacre, when my father was a fugitive in the forests of the South, while I was a gunner in the viceroy’s personal fleet. This same viceroy, by the way, who had ordered the Massacre, and who died such a cruel death thereafter.† Barr smiled grimly, and continued, â€Å"My father was a Patrician of the Empire and a Senator of Siwenna. His name was Onum Barr.† Riose interrupted impatiently, â€Å"I know the circumstances of his exile very well. You needn’t elaborate upon it.† The Siwennian ignored him and proceeded without deflection. â€Å"During his exile a wanderer came upon him; a merchant from the edge of the Galaxy; a young man who spoke a strange accent, knew nothing of recent Imperial history, and who was protected by an individual force-shield.† â€Å"An individual force-shield?† Riose glared. â€Å"You speak extravagance. What generator could be powerful enough to condense a shield to the size of a single man? By the Great Galaxy, did he carry five thousand myria-tons of nuclear power-source about with him on a little wheeled gocart?† Barr said quietly, â€Å"This is the magician of whom you hear whispers, stories and myths. The name ‘magician’ is not lightly earned. He carried no generator large enough to be seen, but not the heaviest weapon you can carry in your hand would have as much as creased the shield he bore.† â€Å"Is this all the story there is? Are the magicians born of maunderings of an old man broken by suffering and exile?† â€Å"The story of the magicians antedated even my father, sir. And the proof is more concrete. After leaving my father, this merchant that men call a magician visited a Tech-man at the city to which my father had guided him, and there he left a shield-generator of the type he wore. That generator was retrieved by my father after his return from exile upon the execution of the bloody viceroy. It took a long time to find- â€Å"The generator hangs on the wall behind you, sir. It does not work. It never worked but for the first two days; but if you’ll look at it, you will see that no one in the Empire ever designed it.† Bel Riose reached for the belt of linked metal that clung to the curved wall. It came away with a little sucking noise as the tiny adhesion-field broke at the touch of his hand. The ellipsoid at the apex of the belt held his attention. It was the size of a walnut. â€Å"This-† he said. â€Å"Was the generator,† nodded Barr. â€Å"But it was the generator. The secret of its workings are beyond discovery now. Sub-electronic investigations have shown it to be fused into a single lump of metal and not all the most careful study of the diffraction patterns have sufficed to distinguish the discrete parts that had existed before fusion.† â€Å"Then your ‘proof’ still lingers on the frothy border of words backed by no concrete evidence.† Barr shrugged. â€Å"You have demanded my knowledge of me and threatened its extortion by force. If you choose to meet it with skepticism, what is that to me? Do you want me to stop?† â€Å"Go on!† said the general, harshly. â€Å"I continued my father’s researches after he died, and then the second accident I mentioned came to help me, for Siwenna was well known to Hari Seldon.† â€Å"And who is Hari Seldon?† â€Å"Hari Seldon was a scientist of the reign of the Emperor, Daluben IV. He was a psychohistorian; the last and greatest of them all. He once visited Siwenna, when Siwenna was a great commercial center, rich in the arts and sciences.† â€Å"Hmph,† muttered Riose, sourly, â€Å"where is the stagnant planet that does not claim to have been a land of overflowing wealth in older days?† â€Å"The days I speak of are the days of two centuries ago, when the Emperor yet ruled to the uttermost star; when Siwenna was a world of the interior and not a semi-barbarian border province. In those days, Hari Seldon foresaw the decline of Imperial power and the eventual barbarization of the entire Galaxy.† Riose laughed suddenly. â€Å"He foresaw that? Then he foresaw wrong, my good scientist. I suppose you call yourself that. Why, the Empire is more powerful now than it has been in a millennium. Your old eyes are blinded by the cold bleakness of the border. Come to the inner worlds some day; come to the warmth and the wealth of the center.† The old man shook his head somberly. â€Å"Circulation ceases first at the outer edges. It will take a while yet for the decay to reach the heart. That is, the apparent, obvious-to-all decay, as distinct from the inner decay that is an old story of some fifteen centuries.† â€Å"And so this Hari Seldon foresaw a Galaxy of uniform barbarism,† said Riose, good-humoredly. â€Å"And what then, eh?† â€Å"So he established two foundations at the extreme opposing ends of the Galaxy – Foundations of the best, and the youngest, and the strongest, there to breed, grow, and develop. The worlds on which they were placed were chosen carefully; as were the times and the surroundings. All was arranged in such a way that the future as foreseen by the unalterable mathematics of psychohistory would involve their early isolation from the main body of Imperial civilization and their gradual growth into the germs of the Second Galactic Empire – cutting an inevitable barbarian interregnum from thirty thousand years to scarcely a single thousand.† â€Å"And where did you find out all this? You seem to know it in detail.† â€Å"I don’t and never did,† said the patrician with composure. â€Å"It is the painful result of the piecing together of certain evidence discovered by my father and a little more found by myself. The basis is flimsy and the superstructure has been romanticized into existence to fill the huge gaps. But I am convinced that it is essentially true.† â€Å"You are easily convinced.† â€Å"Am I? It has taken forty years of research.† â€Å"Hmph. Forty years! I could settle the question in forty days. In fact, I believe I ought to. It would be – different.† â€Å"And how would you do that?† â€Å"In the obvious way. I could become an explorer. I could find this Foundation you speak of and observe with my eyes. You say there are two?† â€Å"The records speak of two. Supporting evidence has been found only for one, which is understandable, for the other is at the extreme end of the long axis of the Galaxy.† â€Å"Well, we’ll visit the near one.† The general was on his feet, adjusting his belt. â€Å"You know where to go?† asked Barr. â€Å"In a way. In the records of the last viceroy but one, he whom you murdered so effectively, there are suspicious tales of outer barbarians. In fact, one of his daughters was given in marriage to a barbarian prince. I’ll find my way.† He held out a hand. â€Å"I thank you for your hospitality.† Ducem Barr touched the hand with his fingers and bowed formally. â€Å"Your visit was a great honor.† â€Å"As for the information you gave me,† continued Bel Riose, â€Å"I’ll know how to thank you for that when I return.† Ducem Barr followed his guest submissively to the outer door and said quietly to the disappearing ground-car, â€Å"And if you return.† How to cite Foundation and Empire 1. Search For Magicians, Essay examples

Impact of Tourism on Small Business Performance †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Impact of Tourism on Small Business Performance. Answer: Introduction: The mystical and serene island of Langkawi is famous for its beauty. It is located in the Peninsular Malaysia, where the Strait of Malacca meets the enormous Indian Ocean. It is located thirty kilometres off the Kedah Coast, Langkawi. The word Langkawi means reddish brown eagle in the colloquial language of Malay. It is not just one Island but a collection of 99 islands which form a beautiful archipelago. It is a duty free island and is populated by around 99,000 people. Out of the total population, majority of them are Malay. The island comprises lofty limestone outcrops, dense vegetation, virgin beaches and azure waters. This diverse setting offers the perfect getaway for nature lovers, marine and sea sports enthusiasts and also for those who purely seek the presence of solitude. Langkawi is often defined as a tropical paradise and there are enough reasons for defining it in such a way. The oldest geological formation of the island, namely Gunung Mat Chinchang was the first part of Southeast Asia to rise from the seabed at the time of the Cambria, which was around half a billion years ago. The oldest part of the formation is found at Teluk Datai to the North West of the Island. There are several attraction sites throughout the island. There are several places for several adventure sports. There are places for diving enthusiasts as well as snorkelling activities. The waters around the marine park feature a dazzling display of corals and aquatic species which include several moray eels, rock groupers, black tip sharks and clown fish. The cab rides offer a breathtaking birds eye view of the natural splendour that Langkawi has to offer. The rides are popular in the mornings or the early evenings for providing a view of the breathtaking sunset. Information can be obtained about the traditional folktales and also the legends commonly told. All in all it can be said that the place is extremely beautiful for the tourists to explore and behold. It is believed that the Datai Bay is a product of imagination of the beholder. It seems as a crescent shaped bay and the tropical South East Asian Andaman Sea waters are extremely beautifully and deliciously tepid and it is easily to bathe a new born in it. On the shore there is a lone macaque which is serene and peaceful. It is basically majorly decorated. The bay allows a person to be completely moved by its serenity and beauty. The resort of Datai, located on the Langkawi Island, off the top north-west tip of Malaysia has been skilfully and beautifully designed in order to envelope the rainforest which comes down from the mountains to the ocean through the densest of vegetation (langkawi-info.com. 2017). A very small club near the waters edge is visible but unobtrusive, with the main public of the resort which was 300 metres from the beach. The best architecture is not what we always see. This is clearly understood from the Datai Bay beach. Location of Datai Bay: The Datai Bay is perched on the edge of the Andaman Sea, which is a long crescent of pristine and sandy beach. It is located at the northwest tip of Langkawi. The Datai Bay was featured in the National Geographics Top Ten Beaches in the World. It is acknowledged as one of the islands most beautiful and unaltered beaches. The visitors need to look ahead in order to view the tiny island by the name of Pulau Anak Datai at the top of the clear waters which are turquoise blue in colour (langkawi-info.com. 2017). It stretches for about 1.5 Kilometres in length. The white beach merges with the lush foliage of a rainforest of 500-hectares area. The rainforest forms the base of the base of the Gurung Mat Chinchang, which is an 850-metre high mountain which cocoons the Datai Bay. Formed around 500 million years ago, it stands as the oldest mountain in the entire part of Southeast Asia. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Geopark. Several exptic species which include dusky langurs, colugos, hornbills and some of different species of butterflies find home in the rainforest at the foothills of Gurung Mat Chinchang, as their home. The Datai Bay, known as Teluk Datai is actually a 40-minute drive from Langkawi International Airport and a 50-minute drive from the tourist-friendly areas of Pantai Cenang and Pantai Tengah. The Datai Langkawi resort is in the immediate vicinity and offers a five star experience and also exclusive amount of access to the indescribable beauty of the Datai Bay (Othman and Rosli 2011). Reasons for popularity of Datai Bay: Datai Bay is famous for its richness in the marine life and the beauty of the coral reefs can be found at the place. The Indo-pacific humpback dolphins frequent the Bay which are an extreme source of beauty. These dolphins come to the bay in search of food and also showcase their acrobatic abilities which are beautiful to watch. These involve the leaping and breaching out of the water. The visitors are specially informed about their abilities and are asked to be present in order to witness the wonders. The dolphins and their lookout for food is responsible for providing the tourists and local visitors alike with a wonderful experience (Irwana Omar, Ghapar Othman and Mohamed 2014). Quite close to it is the Els Club Teluk Datai, which is an awards winning Ernie Els designed championship golf course. This is extremely significant in the heart of the place as the facilities also provide a touch of urban convenience in such an unlikely place. The visitors are also encouraged not to miss the place at any cost. This is because of the reason that the sights as well as the sounds of the area are worth enjoying (Othman and Rosli 2011). The tourists and the visitors who come to the Teluk Datai are encouraged to bask and enjoy the sights and the sounds of the area. The silhouette of the ancient mountain range is to be viewed and enjoyed by them. They are also asked to experience the luxury of the place in the feel of the sun-warmed golden sands. The beauty of the place is worth mentioning. The feeling of serenity and peace which is provided by the place is not provided by any other place. The ambience is one of refuge and the feeling which one feels is incomparable. The feeling of being at one with nature is very precious and beautiful (The Datai Langkawi. 2017). Activities at the Bay: Overall the Datai Langkawi offers a myriad variety of captivating activities without ever needing to leave the premises of the resort. The Datai Langkawi is basically nestled in a virgin rainforest at the shores of the Andaman Sea. There are activities like the complimentary morning and evening rainforest walks which are guided by the internationally renowned Resident Naturalist. There are possibilities of learning about the mysteries of a 10-million year old rainforest and getting captivating by the close encounters with a rare amount of wildlife species including flying squirrels and colugos (The Datai Langkawi. 2017). A trekking tour can be booked with a local medicine man in order to learn about the potent jungle plants which are in use for thousands of years by the local healers and shamans. In order to visit the rainforest with family, it is required to opt for a train to a nearby jungle stream which is to be perfect for a refreshing swim. The sea adventures are a better option in case of performing it on a complementary basis just like snorkelling gear, windsurfs, sea kayaks and also sail boats. The extensive amount of resort grounds and the nearby areas are also perfect areas for cycling purposes. There is easy availability of Mountain Bikes. They are available at no possible charge as well. In order to continue the routine of workout, the tourists can take advantage of the Datai Gym as well. The gym is really well equipped with a range of resistance as well as cardiovascular equipment. Sauna is even available in case of both mens and womens changing rooms. Two tennis courts are available at the Els Club Teluk Datai which is a drive of 5 minutes away. The people who are in quest of more quiet activities, can enjoy the Malay as well as Thai culinary dishes and workshops of different kinds. The Datai Boutique is tempting with an exquisite collection of books on nature, art pieces, home accessories, hand sourced garments and even ethnic jewelleries (Salehudin et al. 2012). There are several hotels in Langkawi which are very much in abundance. These include modest hotels and backpacker inns which are situated along the Pantai and most importantly there are also luxury resorts in the Datai Bay. The place is special as it is well frequented by both locals and foreigners. It is a tropical paradise with swaying palm trees, cool- ocean blue waters and also a verdant jungle as its interior. In order to facilitate accommodation, there is an extensive compilation of hotels in Langkawi which are at rates which are unbeatable. All are available according to the location and accommodation types for the simplification of research for the perfect place in order to stay. In order to provide cosy guestrooms with breathtaking views of the Andaman Sea and surrounding rainforest, friendly service and also a wide range of onsite facilities which include easy access to the must-visit attractions. The Datai Bay hotels are a providing an exclusive retreat for a featuring the private accommodation which are award winning (Tripadvisor.in. 2017). There are also majority of places for shopping in Langkawi. The shopping facilities are so good that it gives competition to the beautiful beaches as well as vast mountains as these are the best reasons for visiting the tropical island. Under the duty free status it has a large amount of shopping malls which are concentrated in certain key places and there are also a lot of retail outlets which are responsible for stocking in demand items from all around the World. It also includes the cigarettes, chocolates luggage, apparel, perfumes and cooking utensils. It is a favourite holiday destination among the Malaysians as also for the foreign tourists. The most important benefit of Langkawi shopping is that the shopping scene is not only limited to modern establishments which sell the imported goods. In this particular island, the handmade souvenirs and also the authentic batik and songket prints which are available in abundance and are also sold vat very attractive prices. A night market is also hosted which is held in different locations in different parts of the world. In these markets there are rows and rows of goods which are displayed, including exquisite apparels, trinkets and souvenirs which have intricate carvings, fresh produce as also local delicacies and also snacks. The Datai is a 40 minute drive from the Langkawi International Airport, which is 20 kilometres West of Langkawis main town Kuah. The major carriers that fly to Langkawi include Malaysia Airlines, AirAsia, Firefly, Malindo, Silk Air and Tiger Air. The daily flights connect Langkawi with Kuala Lumpur, Penang and Singapore. The flight time between Kuala Lumpur and Lamgkawi is not much (Tripadvisor.in. 2017). The departure points for the visitors who decide to travel by boat or ferry to Langkawi are Kuala Perlis, Kuala Kedah and Georgetown. Visitors from Thailand might also depart from Satun or Koh Lipe. Another noteworthy place is the rainforest sanctuary. The Datai Spa with four open-air villas set around a winding stream is designed to help the visitors feel the spirit of the surrounding nature. The sounds of the purling creek blends with the songs of a Cicada and also the joyful chirpings of birds, the air is infused with an earthly jungle aroma and while enjoying a bath where there is the possibility of spotting any sort of animals. There are private changing facilities, indoor and outdoor showers and also a spacious soak tub with a river view. The charming Spa villas along provides an intimate atmosphere and are designed to accommodate two people. The spa is inspired by the ancient healing and the beauty tradition of Ramaun, there are several indigenous Malay Rituals which have the power of rare amount of medicinal plants. The secret recipes are followed which were used by local shamamns. The therapists are and are completely tuned to every visitors needs and they are responsible for bringing a state of complete harmony for anyone who visits the place. The hotels around the place also offer both rental as well as chauffer services. There are also maps available at the concierge desk and the concierge team is always pleased to assist the tourists in planning a trip throughout the island. Thus it can be easily said that the island has good amount of transportation facilities. It is not a problem to navigate around the island. The forest is several million years old. The Datai is blessed with an abundance of plant life and wildlife. The foliage around the resort is home to most of the fascinating animals including the great hornbill, the dusky leaf monkey, the rare colugo, macaques, lizards and so on. There are complimentary morning and evening nature walks which are guided by world renowned naturalists. There are also other nature excursions which can be chosen. The previous and present condition of the beach: Earlier the beach was sparsely populated and did not have majority of the facilities which it has at present. It being located in a secluded place was not visited by the tourists or in many cases by even the locals. This was due to the fact that many locals were also unaware about the beauty of the place. The beach at Datai Bay was exclusive to the two resorts which were there. The beauty of the place at first was raw and undetermined in true sense. The sunset of the Datai Bay is extremely beautiful. The beauty of the bay was uninterrupted in the beginning and was possible to be viewed better in the beginning. In the recent times there have been many resorts which have been included in the Datai Bay beach and because of this the beach has been a bit populated and the existent calmness and serenity of the place has somewhat been reduced. At present the situation is more or less better with respect to the facilities it provides for the people who visit the place. The beauty of the place has been enhanced in many of the resorts and in certain cases it has been kept as it it for viewing by the people. Conclusion: Malaysia regards tourism as a very important sector with respect to the new jobs, businesses as well as in case of the collection of revenue. There is an enormous amount of political, social as well as an economic impact on a particular tourist destination. The impact of tourism in a country impacts all the sectors of an economy as the benefits from these sectors can be utilized for sustaining the development practices of the country which is the host of all the tourists. It is important in Malaysia as it is responsible for increasing the national income. The increasing number of tourists in a particular place is responsible for increasing the economic value. It is also responsible for the stability of economic value and it is also responsible for improving the social life of Malaysia. Over the years, tourism is beneficial mostly rather than harmful. The nation which is hosting the tourists needs to control the tourism activities properly so that the negative impact of tourism does n ot affect the revenue of the country in any way. The concept of tourism also helps to promote Malaysia to the rest of the World. It is basically a peaceful country and is also absolutely free from natural disaster namely earthquake volcano, flood, water spouts and so on. People who come to visit Malaysia learn about different types of tourism in Malaysia including different sorts of festivals as well. The tourism industry also is involved in activities which assist in asking tourists to come again to visit different spots of Malaysia. Perceiving the impact of tourism on the GDP, the government of Malaysia had acknowledged the potential of the tourism sector as a major source of revenue and also a catalyst for the Economic renaissance of Malaysia. In order to promote tourism in the country the two government agencies have been established. References: Irwana Omar, S., Ghapar Othman, A. and Mohamed, B., 2014. The tourism life cycle: an overview of Langkawi Island, Malaysia.International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research,8(3), pp.272-289. langkawi-info.com. 2017.Datai Bay - Everything You Need to Know About Datai Langkawi. [online] Available at: https://www.langkawi-info.com/datai-bay/ [Accessed 21 Oct. 2017]. Othman, P. and Rosli, M.M., 2011. The impact of tourism on small business performance: Empirical evidence from Malaysian islands.International Journal of Business and Social Science,2(1). Salehudin, M.S., Prasad, D.K., Osmond, P.W. and Khamis, M.T., 2012. Sustainable resort development: Malaysian case studies. Samat, N., 2010. Assessing land use land cover changes in Langkawi island: Towards sustainable urban living.Malaysian Journal of Environmental Management,11(1), pp.48-57. The Datai Langkawi. 2017.About the Datai Langkawi. [online] Available at: https://www.thedatai.com/about-the-datai/ [Accessed 21 Oct. 2017]. Tripadvisor.in. 2017.Access to the beach at Datai Bay - Langkawi Forum - TripAdvisor. [online] Available at: https://www.tripadvisor.in/ShowTopic-g298283-i8829-k3026481-Access_to_the_beach_at_Datai_Bay-Langkawi_Langkawi_District_Kedah.html [Accessed 21 Oct. 2017].

Affirmative Action Programs in the Hiring Process

Affirmative Action Programs in the Hiring Process Affirmative action programs used in the hiring process can be discussed as the policies which are developed to promote and maintain the equality among the employees according to their gender, race or the national origin. From this point, the hiring process which is based on the affirmative action program is effective for contributing to the workforce diversity within the definite company (Taylor, 1991).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Affirmative Action Programs in the Hiring Process specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Should the hiring officials who are oriented to the affirmative action programs hire minorities to balance diversity at workplaces? Although the principles of the affirmative action programs are actively argued with references to the issue of discrimination and its effects, basing on the data collection and qualitative studies, it is possible to state that it is necessary to hire the representatives of th e minority groups to realize the affirmative action program completely. The developed affirmative action programs worked out in companies can be successfully used in the context of realizing the strategy in relation to the workforce diversity when employees are hired in spite of their race, color of skin, gender, and status (Dixon, Roscigno, Hodson, 2004). The workforce diversity is the symbol of the modern business which develops according to the ideas of globalization and multiculturalism (Brady Collier, 2004; Kellough, 2006). Nevertheless, the problem of affirmative action is more controversial in comparison with the general question of the workforce diversity. The aspects of the issue are traditionally examined with the help of the data collection method and qualitative or mixed methods. The data collection method in association with the usage of the affirmative action program is based on collecting the necessary data about the advantages and disadvantages of the policy and th e quantitative characteristics of the process. The hiring officials and HR managers should organize their work depending on the results of the data collection according to which it is possible to concentrate on the information about the employees’ gender, race, ethnicity, and disability.Advertising Looking for essay on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This information is significant for forming the necessary affirmative action database to regulate the associated issues and workforce diversity. From this point, hiring officials should hire the representatives of minorities with references to the affirmative action programs as the important part of the diagnostic analysis of the workforce and potentials (Tomasson Crosby, 2001). However, qualitative or mixed studies are also important for developing the affirmative action program and for its further realization. It is the employers’ responsibility to follow their affirmative action programs, but the employees’ attitude to the process can be examined with references to the results of the qualitative studies (Axinn Pearce, 2006). For instance, the qualitative methods based on interviews can reveal the tendency to discuss the ineffective affirmative action programs as the representation of a quota system which is beneficial only for employers, but not for employees (Griffin Museus, 2011, p. 83). Interviews and observations are also significant for making conclusions about the potential of the affirmative action programs to overcome the issue of discrimination, for instance, in relation to gender and, as a result, parent status (Correll, Benard, Paik, 2007). The efficiently developed affirmative action programs with references to the required data collection and qualitative methods are effective for employers to follow their hiring strategy. The accents on the affirmative action programs can be also prese nted as the employers’ rejection of any kind of discrimination at the workplace in relation to the workers’ definite qualities and characteristics. Thus, the issue of affirmative action is closely associated with the question of hiring minorities. References Axinn, W. G., Pearce, L. D. (2006). Mixed method data collection strategies. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Affirmative Action Programs in the Hiring Process specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Brady, H. E., Collier D. (2004). Rethinking social inquiry: Diverse tools, shared standards. Lanham, MD: Rowan Littlefield. Correll, S. J., Benard, S., Paik, I. (2007). Getting a job: Is there a motherhood penalty? American Journal of Sociology, 112(5), 1297-1339. Dixon, M., Roscigno, V. J., Hodson, R. (2004). Unions, solidarity, and striking. Sociological Forces, 83(1), 3-33. Griffin, K. A., Museus, S. D. (2011 ). Using mixed methods to study intersectionality in higher education: New directions in institutional research. USA: John Wiley Sons. Kellough, J. E. (2006). Understanding affirmative action: Politics, discrimination, and the search for justice. USA: Georgetown University Press. Taylor, B. R. (1991). Affirmative action at work: Law, politics, and ethics. USA: University of Pittsburgh Press. Tomasson, R. F., Crosby, F. J. (2001). Affirmative action: The pros and cons of policy and practice. USA: Rowman Littlefield.Advertising Looking for essay on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More

case summary for Gideon essays

case summary for Gideon essays Gideon is arrested for breaking into the Bay Harbor pool room Gideon plead not guilty and requested an attorney, which was declined Gideon was easily found guilty and sent to prison because of his prior career in prison and he had no attorney Was Gideon denied his Sixth and Fourteenth Amendment rights by the state of Florida when he was denied assistance of counsel during his trial and conviction? Betts v Brady only 20 years earlier was decided that the Fourteenth Amendment provided no universal assurance of a lawyers help in a state criminal trial Gideon stands trial for petty larceny Gideon asks for counsel because he is poor Counsel is denied and Gideon is found guilty Gideon claims his rights are violated Gideon files for certiorari for his case to be heard by the Supreme Court Gideon did not claim any special circumstances The Supreme Court decided in Betts v Brady that a lawyer was only constitutionally required only if to be tried without one resulted in a denial of fundamental fairness The court set down certain special circumstances which a person had to meet before counsel was appointed Given the fundamental quality of the Bill of Rights including the Sixth Amendment extended to the States by the Fourteenth Amendments Due Process Clause; and the inability of a man to stand as an equal before the law without counsel, The Betts v. Brady decision is reversed and it is held this mans, Clarence Earl Gideon, Constitutional rights have been violated. The Supreme Court overturned Betts v Brady and Gideon was awarded a retrial with a court appointed attorney ...

MATH & ESSAY Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

MATH & ESSAY - Speech or Presentation Example The budgeted costs can be compared to the actual costs in order to control activities and identify significant deviations from expectations. The budgeted cost is to communicate the objectives and expectations down the organization, whereas the actual costs indicate the performance of the organization with respect ot he budgeted values. In financial terms, firewall refers to the regulatory legal barriers placed by the Glass – Steagall Act 1933 which attempted to prevent the transfer of inside information and performance of financial transactions between commercial and investment banks (Darwish & Evanoff, 2007). The regulatory firewall between the commercial and investment banking activities indicated that the commercial banks should curb their investment activities and that the income from investments should not be over 10%. These rules were extended and the Bank Holding Act came into practise in 1956 which separated the banking and the insurance sector. The banks were allowed to sell insurance, but they were not authorized to underwrite insurances. This acted as a firewall between the banking and the insurance sector. The firewall was initiated as it was found that the commercial banks were involved in the stock market to a great extent and were thus putting the deposits received from customers at great risk. Also, it was one of the reasons for the early stock market crash. Hence it was decided that there has to be some legal barriers in order to separate the commercial and investment

Social networking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Social networking - Essay Example This article starts with the definition of social networking and discusses impact of social networking sites on the personality of individuals. This article discusses that; Some people have ineffective social skills in person and grow dependence on social networking sites to compensate for loneliness ; Conflict at home can result in an addiction to more impersonal interactions on a social network ;Addiction to social networking may be caused by an individual's lack of self esteem ;Because social networking is so common, young people may simply copy their peers' behavior. Discussion is concluded with findings about the issues. Social networking is defined as follows ; ( Web -What Is Social Networking?  ) â€Å"Social networking is the grouping of individuals into specific groups, like small rural communities or a neighborhood subdivision, if you will. Although social networking is possible in person, especially in the workplace, universities, and high schools, it is most popular on line. This is because unlike most high schools, colleges, or workplaces, the internet is filled with millions of individuals who are  looking to meet other people, to gather and share first-hand information  and experiences about cooking, golfing,  gardening,  Ã‚  developing friendships  or  professional alliances, finding employment, business-to-business  marketing and even groups sharing information about the end of the Mayan calendar and the Great Shift to arrive December 21-2012. The topics and interests are as varied and rich as the story of our world. When it comes to online social networking, websites are commonly used. These websites are known as social sites. Social networking websites function like an online community of internet users. Depending on the website in question, many of these online community members share common interests in hobbies, religion, or politics. Once you are granted access to a social networking website you can begin to socialize. This socialization may include reading the profile pages of other members and possibly even contacting them.† Some people have ineffective social skills in person and grow dependent on social networking sites to compensate for loneliness. It has been generally observed that in effective social skills may persist in off line and online communication. (Web-Newsweek ) â€Å"There are more than 300 million people in the United States, and sometimes it seems like all are friends on Facebook. However, the sad truth is that Americans are lonelier than ever. Social isolation in all adults has been linked to a raft of physical and mental ailments, including sleep disorders, high blood pressure, and an increased risk of depression and suicide Studies have shown that loneliness can cause stress levels to rise and can weaken the immune system. Lonely people also tend to have less healthy lifestyles, drinking more alcohol, eating more fattening food, and exercising less than those who are not lonely. Some of the most profound loneliness can happen when other people are present. People tend to measure themselves against others, feeling particularly alone in communities where social connection is the norm. That is why collectivist cultures, like those in Southern Europe, have higher levels of loneliness than individualist cultures. For the same reason, isolated individuals feel most acutely alone on holidays like Christmas Eve or

The Significance Of Sociological Work Practices

The Significance Of Sociological Work Practices This essay will examine the significance of sociology and the importance of a good understanding of the society in which we live. This essay will also provide an understanding of what sociology is, and an insight into each perspective in relation to a particular concept and some of the social problems surrounding it. It will identify how an understanding of sociology is useful in helping social workers understand, evaluate and resolve the potential problems faced by their client groups, and will assess the importance of sociology in social work practice. Sociology differs to psychology, in as much as psychology studies the individual and that individuals reactions and involvement within society. Sociology concentrates its approach on a much wider level, looking at the bigger picture. Giddens (1989:18) reports that the study of sociology offers the individual an opportunity to detach oneself from preconceived ideas about social life, however it does pose specific problems, mainly because of the complex problems involved in subjecting our own behaviour to study. It is hard to be objective which you are directly involved in, and later on in the essay, it is apparent how this has influenced, and biased some perspectives. Sociology developed as a science in the late 1700s. It was initially a way of attempting to understand the great changes happening in industry and society around that time, following a period of social and industrial revolutions throughout England and the transition from feudal England, into a more capitalist and industrialised society. Although there are many definitions of sociology, there is no clear cut definition as to what it encompasses. Macionis and Plummer (1997:4) say that the definition of sociology is the systematic study of human society, whilst The study of human social behaviour, especially the study of the origins, organization, institutions, and development of human society is the definition taken from http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=sociology We can therefore deduce that sociology is a study of looking at things from a wider angle. So, what psychologists may view as a personal tragedy to one person, when viewed from the wider angle, can provide an insight into imbalances in the equilibrium of society. For example, C Wright Mills (taken from Macionis and Plummer) wrote famously about the Sociological Imagination, which enables the individual to reflect upon the societal impact of what can be apparently individual events, such as divorce, and unemployment. Whilst divorce is a personal tragedy for the individual, the impact of it nationally becomes a social problem, given that Britain statistically has one of the highest divorce rates in Europe. So, sociology is about learning how to look at things with more than just knowledge or common sense, it is about being able to turn situations around and examine the impact on both the individual and the surrounding society. To do this however, one must be able to identify what society actually is. What does it encompass? How many people does it take to make a society? Even if we assume that a society is, for example, a group of people with self perpetuating rules, living within a particular framework of social relationships, we still have to question to whos rules are they are adhering, and to what extent is the framework of social relationship to be extended? Classical sociologists had no problems in identifying what constitutes a society, as they assumed that society was something that could be investigated or analysed in a laboratory, such as with any other science. Classical sociology was in effect the scientific study of society. Whilst more modernist approaches such as Cree (as quoted in Cree:1997:276), have identified that todays society is a much more mosaic and fragmented society, and realises that much as we all have more than one identity, so we live and move in many different, and at times competing, societies. To enable them to study this, sociologists have identified many different perspectives on different sociological concepts. A concept is an issue that is directly related to sociology or society, and as such includes issues such as the family, crime and deviance, the community, class, status, poverty, race and youth. All these concepts have a direct impact on society and so sociologists are interested in studying them. Each concept is often intrinsically linked to the remaining ones. If we take as a simplistic example, a young black boy who has been caught stealing, he is from an impoverished background and is being brought up by his single parent mother. In this single example, a sociologist could choose to look at this case study from any or all of the above concepts. The family unit has broken down, leading the youth to commit acts of crime and deviance, possibly because the familys standard of living has deteriorated, leading to a lowering in class and status, which in turn could have led to prejudice and isolation from the surrounding community. A perspective however, is the actual viewpoint and theory which surrounds the explanation used to evaluate and identify society and social problems. For example, classical perspectives include Marxism, Interactionism, and Functionalism. In the very simplest of definitions a Marxist perspective would examine a concept with its relativity to social class, and class conflict. Interactionists would be examining the meanings and interpretations of the study matter, and would focus on the individual. A Functionalist perspective, however, would examine the purpose and needs of the social structure surrounding the concept, and would be looking at the social system and sub systems. These classical perspectives originated mainly from Western, heterosexual, middle class men, and highlight one of the many problems sociologists face, and that is distancing oneself from the matter which is being studied. The viewpoints of the classical sociologists appear to be from white, heterosexual men, FOR white, heterosexual men. These early classical attempts to study a society which is in itself a constantly changing and nebulous mass, has meant that new sociologists have had to emerge, bringing with them new, broader perspectives, and these are called contemporary sociologists. Contemporary sociologists include views of society from perspectives such as Feminism, Anti Racism, Disablism, and the Gay Rights lobby, and the perspectives from which they write are fairly self explanatory, but Feminism will be discussed in more detail further on. When examining one concept in detail, such as the family, and viewing it from each different perspective, we are provided with an insight on not only the historical background of the viewpoint from which it was written (eg Marxism and Feminism were established in very different historical episodes), but it also enables us to lay this across different aspects of working practice in social work. Therefore in order to operate in the social work profession efficiently, one needs to be able to look at the bigger picture, and put aside our own values and opinions of the family i.e. all the differing family types etc, as it is hard to be objective about something with which you have direct experience of. We have all had experience of family, and so our expectations of the family life of our client groups will ultimately be influenced by this, much in the same way as sociologists will be influenced by the society in which they are part of, To identify the family from differing perspectives, one must first reach an agreed definition as to what the family is in sociological terms, broadly speaking because if there is no agreed definitive answer as to what the family consists of, then each perspective may be constructing theories about what could fundamentally be very different social groups. As a society we have stereo-typical ideas and ideologies of what a family should consist of and these are perpetuated through the media and advertising with images of the ideal family (i.e. husband, wife, 2 children, dog), and through humour, with television programmes such as 2.4 Children, My Family etc. Macionis and Plummer (1997:438) suggest that the family has been seen as a social institution that unites individuals into co-operative groups that oversee the bearing and raising of children. Cree however, (2000:26) defines the family as a group of people bound together by blood and marriage ties, but not necessarily located in one geographical place. When providing a definition, it has to adequately address the changing nature of family life in Britain throughout the last century. For example, using statistics from Giddens (1989: 181) over 20 per cent of dependent children now live in lone parent households. In addition to the rise in lone parent households, there have also been a significant increase in the emergence of differing family compositions.. It is easy to see that family structure and composition has changed greatly over the last century, and this could be due to the way that society adapts to accommodate social problems, for example, an increased number of lone parents, gay couples and sexual relationships outside of marriage etc. These were social problems during the 1900s and earlier, and were immoral, which in the local communities at that time, could have been punishable by law, but todays society has started to adapt and accept these changes, making something which was originally perceived as deviant into a social norm, and this will lead eventually into this behaviour becoming part of the social mores of our society. It is therefore safe to say, that in order for society to be maintained it has to accept the changing threats to values and adapt around the social problems it encounters. Using statistics from Giddens (1989:176) we can see that the number of couples with dependent children has dropped significantly from 38% in 1961 to only 23% in 1998, whilst this signifies a decline in the amount of young married couples having children, it also highlights the fact that our society is also now increasing in age. This shows that the current population is likely to be comprised of adults without dependent children. In addition to this, the number of lone parents has risen dramatically from 2% in 1961 to 7% in 1998. Using figures from Macionis and Plummer (1997:447) which state that, the numbers in adoption have sharply fallen. 6,000 in England in Wales in 1994, compared with 21,000 in 1971, we can see how society has accommodated the issue of unmarried mothers. The number of one person households has also risen from 11% in 1961 to 28% in 1998, and this is probably due to the rise in divorcees having to find alternative accommodation following the breakdown of a marriag e. So, whilst we have identified what a family is, and an example of the social problems surrounding it, it is useful now to look at how each perspective views the family and its purpose and usefulness in society. Looking at the functionalist perspective, who provide the most positive view of family life, it is essential to understand that functionalists view the family as the basic social unit and the core institution of society (Jorgensen et al:1997:72) The functionalists see one of the integral familial contributions as social integration. They view the familys main function as teaching the family members how to belong within the group (ie: society) around them. This function of the family stems from the fact that functionalists believe the family exists as the primary institution in any society, for the initial socialisation of children. In this respect any institution charged with this responsibility will play a large part in producing and maintaining cultural norms and values. In addition to the socialisation function, they also believe the family plays a part in stabilising society. They believe the family reinforces values such as emotional and sexual stability, economic co-dependence etc. These regulations are an integral part of the society in which we live, and include moral boundaries, for example, such as incest. This is a purely human concept, and we are the only species which impose regulations on sexual interaction between family members. Our own society forbids the act of sexual relations between family members, but limits it to close relatives, such as those included in our extended family. In some societies however, it is permissible for siblings to marry. There are biological reasons why incest is not advised, however, the primary concerns are societal. Macionis and Plummer (1997) suggest that the reasons for this taboo are to minimise sexual competition within the family, it also forces people to marry outside of the family encouraging wider alliances to form, and it also protects kinship from falling into chaos. They suggest that as kinship defines peoples rights and obligations towards each other, forbidding reproduction between close relatives protects the family. Another relevant example of the functionalist perspective is in the institution of marriage. For example, when an individual chooses to marry, they do so within the predetermined constraints of their individual society. In Britain for example, marriage partners are chosen at will, and marriage is based on personal choice and love. But in other societies, such as the Hindu religion, the couple have often not met before the marriage, which will have been arranged by the two families involved and is considered to be a suitable union. So in this respect, the family is itself an institution in charge of maintaining the social equilibrium. Talcott Parsons called these two features of the family Primary socialization and Personality stabilization. As quoted in Giddens (2000:175) Parsons regarded the nuclear family as the unit best equipped to handle the demands of industrial society. In the conventional family one adult can work outside the home, while the second adult cares for the home and children. This has meant that Parsons view of the family is now seen as outdated, and critics have implied that the functionalist perspective reinforces the division of labour between men and women. Giddens (2000) however said this apparently sexist view could be explained primarily given the historical context in which Parsons was writing. He was writing immediately following the Second World War, which saw an immediate return of women to their traditional roles in the household, and men returning to their roles as sole breadwinners. However, I would dispute this, as upon reflection of Parsons quote, he doesnt actually specify gender, in his quote, he just reflects that one adult can work outside the home, therefore whilst he is outdated in his view that there are two parents, it could be perceived as forward thinking for being non gender specific.. The Functionalist perspective also negates the influence of other social institutions such as schools, the government etc and their important roles in the socialisation of children. This perspective does not account for the breakdown of the traditional model of the family, and the fact that more children are now being raised outside of this. There is no real mention either of the incidents of abuse and violence, of which there is strong evidence to suggest that the family is in fact a very dysfunctional place in which to raise children, and this could be due to the fact that the sociologists writing on this perspective at the time were white, middle class me and not looking outside of the society they are a part of. Moving on to the contemporary perspectives, the Feminists bring this to the forefront in their approaches to the family. The feminists believe that unequal power relationships exist within families. Not least importantly then, are the issues of domestic violence, marital rape, incest and sexual abuse. The feminist perspective does not perceive the family as a haven for love and support, but that issues such as incest and domestic violence provide a further opportunity for men to dominate and oppress women. Feminism became influential in the 1970s and 1980s and has continued to grow in strength and followers to this day. Before feminism, sociologists have been criticised for the male bias in their studies of society as a whole. From a feminists sociological viewpoint, women had previously always been viewed as appendages to men. Feminism has been concerned with the analysis of male/female relationships in terms of the relative significance of sex, class and patriarchy ie; Male headed dominance There are several different views within the feminist perspective, with as Lena Dominelli writes a plurality of views, liberal, radical, socialist, anti-racist and post-modernist which can be held by both black and white feminists; for example, white radical feminism, black socialist feminism (1997:97) Neil Thompson (1993:53) writes that whilst there is no such thing as uniformed and consistent feminism, there are common themes and points of argument, they all share a focus on the critique of patriarchy and the need to establish a fairer society in which women are no longer marginalised, alienated and pushed into secondary roles. It also does not account for the fact that when women come out of the home, and enter the employment arena they are still being discriminated against, with low pay, maternity issues etc, which is perpetuating social problems. Marxist feminism portrays the womans role in the family environment to that of the Proletariat, or exploited class, and the mans role as that of the Bourgeoisie or exploiter. Seen from the Marxist feminist viewpoint, the woman is the loser in the inequal marriage partnership. Marxist feminists believe that marriage is perpetuating the capitalist industry by prostituting the domestic services of the woman in return for financial security. What this means essentially is that by staying at home and looking after the children in an unpaid capacity, the woman is not only helping the man to work in the capitalist industry, but providing heirs to perpetuate the class division further. Thus, patriarchy is not simply a matter of biological difference, but is directly related to the economic base and the emphasis on comparing the womans role in the family to the exploitation of the capitalist class over the working class. According to Thompson(1993:56) this is one of the main weaknesses in the theory, as it does not explain how there is still continuation of male dominance in the non-capitalist societies Liberal feminism has been evident since the early eighteenth century, and its main objective was to make it illegal to discriminate against, or use unequal treatment for women, and it was largely based on notions of free choice, empowering women to take control of their own lives. Liberal feminism is primarily concerned with issues of overt discrimination against women in all areas of social life, in particular, work education and the portrayal of women in the media, as well as arguing for legal protection and social rights. It argues that women are not inferior to men and should be allowed to compete equally in all aspects of life, especially education and work. It has been successful so far in using its main weapon (the legal system) in outlawing discriminatory behaviour towards women, and in establishing legislation to protect female workers in the UK and USA, such as equal pay etc. The main criticism of this perspective is that the women involved in the writing were middle class women, therefore the changes implemented were benefiting middle class women. I understand that sociology can assist the social work practitioner in assessing situations from the wider picture and drawing on relevant perspectives in their own merit to help the client group involved in reaching a suitable resolution. I therefore believe that an understanding of sociology can help social workers to develop a mind set which will provide the foundations for the commencement of good practice skills. I think that society modifies itself to accommodate social problems and that sociology itself has adapted to identify these, therefore, as sociology helps us to identify what the social problems are, it can help social workers to help the society in which they work. TOTAL WORD COUNT = 3282

Machiavelli and Bush

In school, we came to know about Niccolo Machiavelli through his extremely popular statement, â€Å"The end justifies the means† (Machiavelli n.p.). Due to the unsavory reputation that has hounded Niccolo Machiavelli, the terminology Machiavellian is now utilized to describe a leadership style that is shrewd/cunning, deceiving/to be regarded with suspicion, as well as, ruthless/cold-blooded; a kind of leadership which is actually instituted upon â€Å"power politics† (Machiavelli n.p.). Political Action is an End Itself Furthermore, for some individuals who have read Machiavelli’s thoughts and ideas, they consider him as a â€Å"negative person†, sometimes he is even addressed as â€Å"somebody who is upholding evil and sin† (Machiavelli n.p.). In fact, the church considers him as immoral, unethical, and even evil (Machiavelli n.p.). This is because politics for Machiavelli should be taken as something which should not be blended with topics of religion, morality, as well as, ethics since politics he says is instituted upon its own value system (Machiavelli n.p.). For him, to evaluate political actions basing on religion or ethical standards is actually unwarranted (Machiavelli n.p.). Moreover, Machiavelli states that the end of the state is the acquirement/getting hold of, preservation, as well as, development/growth of authority/political power (Machiavelli n.p.). Comparing it to the other critical thinkers of the Machiavellian world, Machiavelli just do not consider this as â€Å"a means to an end† but an end in itself (Machiavelli n.p.). What he is saying is that if an act that’s motivated by politics leads to acquirement/getting hold of, preservation, as well as, development/growth of authority/political power then it is reasonable, understandable, and acceptable as well (Machiavelli n.p.). Similarities of Machiavelli and Bush This is where President Bush connects with Niccolo Machiavelli, President Bush believes that by annihilating the ruler, for instance, Osama Bin Laden and Saddam Hussein, he will be able to strengthen his hold and power and to bring about unity in the state and since that is the case, like Machiavelli, he believes that his action is justifiable (Thompson n.p). In addition to that, President Bush like Machiavelli feels that since they are the type of rulers who planned to get the better of, and to safeguard the state, then they will be eternally judged to be praiseworthy and be commended by everyone (Machiavelli n.p.). Last but not least, since Machiavelli believes that a ruler has to be cruel and ruthless if he has to; Bush patterned his attitude on that as well (Thompson n.p). He declared a war against Iraq which annihilated two hundred Americans working for the U.S. Armed Forces (Thompson n.p). Furthermore, his declaration also caused the death of countless Iraqi civilians, of which several are women and children (Thompson n.p). Added to that is the fact that such a war costs one hundred billion dollars, which if spent back home then will surely benefit more who are starving and are suffering from poverty (Thompson n.p). All of the above-mentioned entails a great deal of cruelty which should not at all occur in the first place (Machiavelli n.p.).   However, because, President Bush thinks that all these political actions he took are bound to cause the state to unite, then declaring a war even if it would cause countless deaths is still right and should not be negated or objected upon   (Machiavelli n.p.). Simply put, both President Bush and Machiavelli are similar basically on how they rule; to them, cruelty is justified as long as it will unite their state in the end (Machiavelli n.p.). Works Cited Machiavelli, Niccolo. The Prince. 1505. n.a. 16 April 2008. http://www.constitution.org/mac/prince.txt Thompson, Robert. n.d. n.a. 16 April 2008.